• *DApp:* Decentralized application. At a minimum, it is a smart contract and a web user interface. More broadly, a DApp is a web application that is built on top of open, decentralized, peer-to-peer infrastructure services. In addition, many DApps include decentralized storage and/or a message protocol and platform.
• *Digital signature:* A short string of data a user produces for a document using a private key such that anyone with the corresponding public key, the signature, and the document can verify that (1) the document was "signed" by the owner of that particular private key, and (2) the document was not changed after it was signed.
• EIP: Ethereum Improvement Proposal. A design document providing information to the Ethereum community, describing a proposed new feature or its processes or environment. For more information, see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs
• Escrow Wallet: Escrow is a financial instrument whereby an asset or escrow money is held by a third party on behalf of two other parties that are in the process of completing a transaction
• Ether: The native cryptocurrency used by the Ethereum ecosystem
• Faucet: A service that dispenses funds in the form of free test ether that can be used on a test net.
• Fault-tolerant mechanism: Fault tolerance refers to the ability of a system to continue operating without interruption when one or more of its components fail.
• Fork: A change in protocol causing the creation of an alternative chain, or a temporal divergence in two potential block paths during mining. Bitcoin Gold is a fork of Bitcoin.
• Ganache: A personal Ethereum blockchain that you can use to run tests, execute commands, and inspect state while controlling how the chain operates.
• GAS: A virtual fuel used in Ethereum to execute smart contracts. The EVM uses an accounting mechanism to measure the consumption of gas and limit the consumption of computing resources (see "Turing complete").
• GAS Limit: The maximum amount of gas a transaction or block may consume.
• Genesis Block: The first block in a blockchain, used to initialize a particular network and its cryptocurrency.
• Hard fork: A permanent divergence in the blockchain; also known as a hard-forking change. One commonly occurs when nonupgraded nodes can’t validate blocks created by upgraded nodes that follow newer consensus rules. Not to be confused with a fork, soft fork, software fork, or Git fork.
• Law of supply and demand: The law of supply and demand is a theory that explains the interaction between the sellers of a resource and the buyers for that resource.
• Ledger: A collection of all kinds of financial accounts.
• Market Capitalization: Market capitalization refers to the total dollar market value of a company's outstanding shares of stock.
• Miner: A network node that finds valid proof of work for new blocks, by repeated hashing.
• Network: a peer-to-peer network that propagates transactions and blocks to every Ethereum node (network participant).
• Node: A software client that participates in the network. Basically, a computer running client software.
• Peer-to-peer technology: A peer-to-peer technology(P2P) is an architecture that allows two parties to communicate with each other without any intermediary party.